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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 39(4): 195-198, Apr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843934

ABSTRACT

Abstract A pregnancy complicated by typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is reported. At 20 weeks of gestation, a case of HUS was diagnosed, with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli identified. Plasmapheresis allowed continuation of the pregnancy for 5 weeks. Superimposed preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome were diagnosed after the establishment of nephrotic range proteinuria, hypertension and recurrence of hemolysis. This is a singular case, as it demonstrates that HELLP syndrome can superimpose upon HUS, a fact that can impact future research on reproductive immunology. It also reminds clinicians that the overlapping of clinical and laboratory findings in HELLP syndrome makes the diagnosis of other thrombotic microangiopathies during pregnancy a clinical challenge.


Resumo Descreve-se um caso clínico em que às 20 semanas de gestação é diagnosticada síndrome hemolítica-urêmica com isolamento de Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga. A terapêutica com plasmaferese permitiu a manutenção da gravidez ao longo de 5 semanas. O surgimento de proteinúria nefrótica, hipertensão e recorrência de hemólise conduziu ao diagnóstico de sobreposição de pré-eclâmpsia e síndrome HELLP. Este caso é singular, pois demonstra que a síndrome HELLP pode se sobrepor a uma síndrome hemolítica-urêmica, um fato que pode influenciar futuras investigações no âmbito de imunologia reprodutiva. Reforça-se, ainda, que o diagnóstico de outras microangiopatias trombóticas durante a gestação é um desafio clínico ocasionado pela sobreposição de manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais com a síndrome HELLP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , HELLP Syndrome/diagnosis , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(5): 640-646, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900029

ABSTRACT

El Síndrome Hemolítico Urémico asociado a diarrea (SHU+D) es un desorden multisistémico en el cual el compromiso neurológico se asocia a empeoramiento del pronóstico. Una causa importante de daño neurológico permanente es el compromiso cerebrovascular. OBJETIVO: Reportar dos casos pediátricos de SHU+D con compromiso neurológico severo debido a patología cerebrovascular y revisar la literatura disponible. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Dos niños de 15 y 21 meses, previamente sanos, debutaron con convulsiones y compromiso de conciencia dentro de la primera semana de un SHU+D. Ambos presentaron hipertensión, falla renal aguda severa y déficit motor focal. Un niño mejoró significativamente su estado neurológico después de cinco sesiones de plasmaféresis. La resonancia magnética encefálica, mostró en el primer niño infartos bilaterales múltiples de vasos pequeños y lesiones de sustancia blanca. En el segundo paciente se identificaron extensos infartos bilaterales en territorios de ambas arterias cerebrales medias. Al año del evento agudo, ambos niños con déficit funcional marcado; el primer paciente evolucionó con retraso del desarrollo del lenguaje y hemiparesia espástica; el segundo persistió con cuadriparesia espástica, epilepsia con mal control de crisis y marcado deterioro funcional. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque la mayoría de los niños con SHU+D y compromiso cerebral no presentan secuelas a largo plazo, la patología cerebrovascular en el período agudo puede causar daño permanente, por lo que, además del manejo de las alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas, hipertensión y falla renal, las terapias dirigidas a mecanismos fisiopatológicos específicos desencadenantes del compromiso vascular podrían mejorar el pronóstico.


Diarrhea-associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (D+HUS) is a multisystem disorder in which neurological involvement (35 to 50%) is associated to adverse outcome. An important cause of a permanent neurological impairment is the cerebrovascular pathology. OBJECTIVE: To report two pediatric cases of D+HUS with severe neurological involvement due to cerebrovascular disease, and review available literature. CLINICAL CASES: Two previously healthy 15- and 21-month-old children debuted with seizures and impairment of consciousness within the first week of a D+HUS. Both presented hypertension, severe acute renal failure, and focal motor deficit. One child showed significant improvement in neurologic status after five sessions of plasmapheresis. Brain magnetic resonance showed in the first child multiple bilateral infarcts of small vessels and lesions of white matter. In the second patient, large bilateral infarcts on both middle cerebral arteries territories were identified. One year after the acute event, both children showed functional impairment; The first patient evolved with language delay and spastic hemiparesis; the second patient with spastic quadriparesis, epilepsy with poor seizure control and marked functional impairment. CONCLUSION: Although most of the children with D+HUS and brain involvement do not have long-term sequelae, cerebrovascular disease in the acute period causes permanent damage, and in addition to the management of electrolyte disturbances, hypertension, and renal failure, therapies directed at specific pathophysiological mechanisms that trigger vascular compromise may improve prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Brain Infarction/etiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Acute Disease , Brain Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(2): 92-96, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-752885

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El síndrome hemolítico urémico (SHU) se caracteriza por la presencia de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia y afectación renal aguda. Es la principal causa de falla renal aguda en niños menores de 3 años. Un número variable de pacientes evoluciona con afectación renal a largo plazo con proteinuria, hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia renal crónica. Objetivo: Evaluar la afectación renal mediante el índice microalbuminuria/creatininuria en pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de SHU. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo de cohorte concurrente que analizó la presencia de microalbuminuria en pacientes diagnosticados de SHU entre enero de 2001 y marzo de 2012, que evolucionaron sin hipertensión y con función renal normal (clearance mayor de 90 ml/min medido por fórmula de Schwartz). Se evaluaron factores demográficos (edad, sexo), presentación clínica en el momento del diagnóstico, uso de antibióticos previo al ingreso y requerimiento de terapia de reemplazo renal. Resultados: Se estudiaron 24 pacientes, el 54% varones; la edad promedio en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 2 años; un 45% requirió diálisis peritoneal; un 33% evolucionó con microalbuminuria persistente; cuatro pacientes recibieron tratamiento antiproteinúrico con buena respuesta. El promedio de seguimiento fue de 6 años (rango: 6 meses a 11 años); todos los pacientes durante el seguimiento evolucionaron con creatinina plasmática normal. Conclusiones: En nuestro grupo, el porcentaje de microalbuminuria persistente en pacientes con diagnóstico previo de SHU fue similiar a lo descrito en la literatura; el tratamiento con antiproteinúricos podría retrasar el daño renal, pero es necesario realizar estudios prospectivos multicéntricos.


Introduction: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by the presence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure. It is the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children under 3 years of age. A variable number of patients develop proteinuria, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Objective: To evaluate the renal involvement in pediatric patients diagnosed with HUS using the microalbumin/creatinine ratio. Patients and Methods: Descriptive concurrent cohort study that analyzed the presence of microalbuminuria in patients diagnosed with HUS between January 2001 and March 2012, who evolved without hypertension and normal renal function (clearance greater than 90 ml/min using Schwartz formula). Demographic factors (age, sex), clinical presentation at time of diagnosis, use of antibiotics prior to admission, and need for renal replacement therapy were evaluated. Results: Of the 24 patients studied, 54% were male. The mean age at diagnosis was two years. Peritoneal dialysis was required in 45%, and 33% developed persistent microalbuminuria. Antiproteinuric treatment was introduce in 4 patients, with good response. The mean follow-up was 6 years (range 6 months to 11 years). The serum creatinine returned to normal in all patients during follow up. Conclusions: The percentage of persistent microalbuminuria found in patients with a previous diagnosis of HUS was similar in our group to that described in the literature. Antiproteinuric treatment could delay kidney damage, but further multicenter prospective studies are necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Creatinine/blood , Albuminuria/epidemiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Albuminuria/etiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 77(6): 397-399, Nov-Dec/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-735808

ABSTRACT

We describe the case of a 23-month-old female infant with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic retinopathy. The patient had a past history of abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and acute renal failure. On ophthalmologic examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed extensive areas of flame-shaped hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, macular edema and optic nerve head neovascularization in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography showed severe bilateral retinal ischemia and neovascularization leakage in disk. The patient, who had the visual acuity of 20/1000 in the right eye (OD) and 20/540 in the left eye (OS) at the first examination, was treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and presented at the end of the 6th month of follow-up improvement to 20/540 in OD and 20/270 in OS. There was also a regression of disc neovascularization, hemorrhages and macular edema. Despite intense retinal ischemia, there were no complications related to angiogenesis such as vitreous hemorrhage and/or neovascular glaucoma. We describe, in this report, the association between hemorrhagic retinopathy with features of Purtscher-like disease and HUS.


Descrevemos o caso de um lactente do sexo feminino de 23 meses com diagnóstico de síndrome hemolítico-urêmica (SHU) e retinopatia hemorrágica. A paciente apresentou história clínica prévia de dor abdominal, diarréia sanguinolenta e insuficiência renal aguda. Ao exame oftalmológico, a oftalmoscopia indireta evidenciou, em ambos os olhos, extensas áreas de hemorragia em chama de vela, exsudatos algodonosos, edema macular e neovasos na cabeça do nervo óptico. A angiofluoresceinografia mostrou intensa isquemia retiniana bilateral e vazamento na neovascularização de disco. A paciente, a qual apresentava acuidade visual de 20/1000 no olho direito (OD) e 20/540 no olho esquerdo (OE) no primeiro exame, foi tratada com panfotocoagulação retiniana e apresentou no final do 6º mês de acompanhamento a acuidade visual de 20/540 no OD e 20/270 no OE. Observou-se ainda a regressão dos neovasos, das hemorragias retininanas e do edema. Apesar da intensa isquemia retiniana não houve complicações relacionadas à angiogênese como hemorragia vítrea e/ou glaucoma neovascular. Descreve-se, neste relato, a associação entre retinopatia hemorrágicas com características de Purtscher-like e síndrome hemolítico-urêmica.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Retinal Hemorrhage/pathology , Fluorescein Angiography , Laser Coagulation/methods , Neovascularization, Pathologic/surgery , Retinal Hemorrhage/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity/physiology
5.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 70(2): 57-60, jun.2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779173

ABSTRACT

El síndrome hemolítico urémico se caracteriza por la presencia de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e injuria renal aguda. Es una de las causas más frecuentes de falla renal aguda en pacientes pediátricos. Objetivo: Conocer las características clínicas y la evolución de los pacientes con SHU hospitalizados en nuestro hospital. Material y Método: Se revisaron 55 historias clínicas de los pacientes egresados con el diagnostico de SHU en el Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke entre el año 2001 y 2011 y se extrajo la información más relevante sobre la presentación clínica y la evolución de esta enfermedad durante la hospitalización. Resultados: 4 pacientes fallecieron (5,7 por ciento). Un 62 por ciento presentó una diarrea aguda disentérica; 30,9 por ciento hipertensión arterial y 11 por ciento convulsiones. Un 84 por ciento fue transfundido con glóbulos rojos, 45 por ciento requirió terapia de sustitución renal. La duración de la hospitalización fue de 14 días en promedio. Al año solo un 66 por ciento permanecían en control médico. Conclusiones: El SHU continúa siendo una de las causas más frecuentes de injuria renal aguda con requerimiento de diálisis en nuestro hospital. La mayoría de los pacientes sufre anemias severas con necesidad de trasfusión de glóbulos rojos. La mortalidad es similar a la reportada en otros centros...


Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is characterized by the presence of hemolytic microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. Is one of the most frequent causes of acute renal failure in pediatric patients. Objective: Know clinical characteristics and evolution of patients with HUS hospitalized at Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke. Material and Methods: 55 medical records of discharged patients with the diagnosis of HUS in Dr. Gustavo Fricke Hospital between 2001 and 2011 were reviewed. We extracted the most relevant information on clinical presentation and evolution of this disease during hospitalization. Results: 4 patients died (5.7 percent). 62 percent presented an acute dysenteric diarrhea; 30.9 percent evolved with hypertension and 11 percent presented seizures. 84 percent were transfused with red blood cells, 45 percent required renal replacement therapy. The hospital stay was 14 days on average. After one year, only 66 percent remained in medical control. Conclusions: HUS remains one of the most frequent causes of acute kidney injury who required dialysis at our hospital. Most patients have severe anemia requiring transfusion of RBCs. Mortality is similar to that reported in other centers...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/epidemiology , Anemia, Hemolytic/epidemiology , Anemia, Hemolytic/etiology , Chile , Renal Insufficiency/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency/etiology , Renal Dialysis , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/mortality , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Thrombocytopenia
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(3): 221-226, mayo-jun. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-639612

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La duración del período oligoanúrico es el principal marcador pronóstico de secuela renal en pacientes con síndrome urémico-hemolítico asociado a diarrea (SUH D+). Realizamos este estudio con el objetivo de determinar la capacidad del período oligoanúrico para predecir secuela renal en niños con SUH D+. Pacientes y métodos. Revisamos los datos de todos los pacientes internados en el Hospital Elizalde con SUH D+ entre 1998-2008 e incluimos sólo a aquellos seguidos más de 1 año. Consideramos secuela renal a la presencia de albuminuria y/o proteinuria patológicas y/o hipertensión arterial y/o caída de fltrado glomerular. Ingresaron al estudio 80 pacientes, que se dividieron en 2 grupos (con secuela y sin ella). Se determinó si tenían diferencias en la duración del período oligoanúrico y se calculó la capacidad de dicha variable para predecir secuela mediante curva ROC. Resultados. 32 pacientes presentaron secuela renal (prevalencia 40%), quienes tuvieron un período oligoanúrico signifcativamente más prolongado [mediana 7 días (intervalo 0-14) contra mediana 0 días (intervalo 0-30); p= 0,0003] que aquellos sin secuela. Mediante curva ROC (área bajo la curva de 0,73) se estableció en ≥ 4 días como mejor punto de corte del período oligoanúrico para predecir secuela renal (sensibilidad 68,75%, especifcidad 70,83%). Conclusión. La curva ROC no permitió identifcar un punto de corte de la duración del período oligoanúrico que permita predecir secuela renal con sensibilidad y especifcidad adecuadas. Esta observación refuerza la importancia del seguimiento periódico y a largo plazo de todos los niños afectados por SUH D+.


Introduction. Length of the oligoanuric period is the main predictor of renal sequelae in children with postdiarrehal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS). We aimed to determine the capacity of the oligoanuric period in the prediction of renal sequelae in children with D+ HUS. Patients and methods. We reviewed data from all patients with D+ HUS admitted at Hospital Elizalde between 1998-2008, including only those with at least 1 year of follow-up. Renal sequelae were defned by the presence of pathologic albuminuria and/or proteinuria and/or arterial hypertension and/or chronic renal failure; 80 patients were included, belonging to one of two groups (with or without sequelae). Difference in the duration of the oligoanuric period between groups was determined, and the diagnostic capacity of the oligoanuric period to identifed renal sequelae was assessed by ROC curve. Results. 32 patients presented sequelae, representing a prevalence of 40%. Oligoanuric period was signifcantly longer in patients with sequelae [median 7 days (range 0-14) vs median 0 days (range 0-30); p= 0,0003]. Using ROC curve (aucROC= 0.73) we identifed an oligoanuric period ≥ 4 days as the best threshold to predict renal sequelae (sensitivity 68.75%, and specifcity 70.83%). Conclusions. By ROC curve analysis we were unable to identify a cut-off point on the length of the oligoanuric period which predicts renal sequelae with optimum sensitivity and specifcity. This observation emphasizes the need of periodic and long-term surveillance of all children who suffered from D+ HUS.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Diarrhea/complications , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Oliguria/etiology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
8.
Med. infant ; 18(4): 302-306, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774786

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La diálisis peritoneal aguda (DPA) es la modalidad dialítica preferentemente seleccionada para niños con injuria renal aguda por síndrome urémico hemolítico postdiarreico (SUH D+). Evaluamos la seguridad y eficacia de la colocación por punción percutánea del catéter de DPA con anestesia local en niños con SUH D+. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes con SUH D+ internados entre el 1 de enero de 1998 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008 en el Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. La seguridad se evaluó por la presencia de eventos adversos mayores relacionados con la colocación del catéter (per foración de vísceras y/o vasos mayores abdominales, sangrado que requiera transfusión) y menores (infección del sitio de salida y peritonitis dentro de las 48 hs del procedimiento). La eficacia se evaluó a través de la colocación exitosa del catéter y su buen funcionamiento. Además se registró la necesidad de recambio luego de su uso por mal funcionamiento. Resultados: Identificamos 149 pacientes que realizaron DPA, edad de 20.2 meses (rango 2,9-111) y peso de 11,35 kg (rango 5-24.4). Recuento de plaquetas previo al procedimiento de 89000 (22000-148000) mm3. Seguridad: el único efecto adverso detectado fue el desarrollo de peritonitis en un paciente. No se registró perforación de órganos ni de vasos mayores abdominales, ni sangrado severo, ni infección del sitio de salida. Eficacia: en todos los casos el catéter fue colocado exitosamente y en 48 pacientes (32.2%) hubo que recambiarlo por mal funcionamiento. Tanto la colocación como el recambio fueron realizadas en todos los casos por el nefrólogo al pie de la cama. Conclusión: la colocación del catéter de DPA por punción es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz.


ntroduction: Acute peritoneal dialysis (DPA) is the dialytictreatment of choice for children with acute kidney injury dueto post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS). In thisstudy safety and efficacy of percutaneous placement of anAPD catheter under local anesthesia in children with D+HUSwas assessed. Patients and methods: We reviewed the cli-nical charts of all patients with D+HUS admitted to thePediatric Hospital Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan betweenJanuary 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008. Safety was eva-luated based on the presence of major (perforation of theviscera and/or major abdominal vessels, bloody dialysaterequiring red-blood-cell transfusion) and minor (exit-siteinfection and peritonitis within 48 hs of the procedure) adverse events associated with catheter insertion. Efficacy was assessed based on successful catheter insertion and func-tioning. Additionally, the need for catheter replacement dueto malfunction was recorded. Results: We identified 149patients with a mean age of 20.2 months (range, 2.9-111)and weight of 11.35 kg (range, 5-24.4) who underwent APD.Median platelet count previous to the procedure was 89000(range, 22000-148000) mm3. Safety: The only adverse eventfound was the development of peritonitis in one patient.Organ or major vessel perforation, severe bleeds, or exit-site infection were not observed. Efficacy: In all patients the catheter was successfully inserted and in 48 patients (32.2%) the catheter had to be replaced due to malfunctioning. Both placement and replacement were performed by a nephrologist at the bedside in all cases. Conclusion: Percutaneous APD catheter insertion is a safe and efficacious procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Catheters/adverse effects , Catheterization , Diarrhea, Infantile , Peritoneal Dialysis , Punctures/trends , Punctures , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Argentina
9.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 17(4): 320-324, mar. 2010. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583679

ABSTRACT

El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) es la principal causa de insuficiencia renal aguda en pediatría y el diagnóstico primario del 4.5% de los niños en tratamiento por trasplante renal crónico. El SUH se caracteriza por insuficiencia renal aguda, anemia hemolítica y trombocitopenia. La presentación característica del SUH es luego de una infección gastrointestinal por Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica (ECEH). El 5% de todos los casos de SUH muestra un curso atípico recurrente. Las mutaciones en las proteínas reguladoras del complemento tienen un papel importante en la patogénesis de SUH atípico y en los resultados después del trasplante renal. Estos pacientes tienen un riesgo muy alto de pérdida del injerto debido a la recurrencia del SUH o a trombosis. A los pacientes con SUH y sin evidencia de infección por ECEH se les debería realizar un análisis completo de los trastornos del complemento conocidos y de autoanticuerpos contra el factor H. Un diagnóstico certero de SUH basado en los últimos conocimientos sobre trastornos en la regulación del complemento debería ayudar a predecir el riesgo de fracaso del injerto. Están emergiendo nuevas terapias que brindan esperanza para un mejor tratamiento futuro de esta grave enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Plasmapheresis , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Liver Transplantation
10.
Med. infant ; 17(1): 3-7, Marzo 2010. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1147541

ABSTRACT

Introducción: 30-50% de los pacientes con síndrome urémico hemolítico asociado a diarrea (SUH D+) desarrollan secuela renal. La duración del período oligoánurico es el mejor predictor de secuela, sin embargo se comunicó daño renal en pacientes con formas leves. Objetivos: analizar la evolución de pacientes con SUH D+ que no dializaron y la asociación entre parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio del período agudo con la evolución final. Pacientes y métodos: revisamos 530 historias clínicas de pacientes internados en el Hospital Garrahan con SUH D+ entre 1987-2002. Criterios de exclusión: necesidad de diálisis y seguimiento menor a 6 meses. Se incluyeron 91 pacientes (48 varones). Definimos secuela a: hipertensión arterial (HTA) y/o proteinuria y/o insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). Resultados: Mediana de edad al diagnóstico 1,5 años (0.3-10,75) y de seguimiento 9.1 años (0.9-18.5). 42.9% desarrolló proteinuria a los 2.85 años de evolución. Todos negativizaron la proteinuria (22 con dieta normoproteica normosódica y 17 con dieta y enalapril). Los pacientes con y sin secuela fueron omparables (p>0.05) en sexo, edad, glóbulos blancos, transfusiones, período oligoanúrico y creatinina máxima del período agudo, así como en el tiempo de seguimiento y peso de nacimiento. Conclusión: 42.9% de los pacientes con SUH D+ leve presentó proteinuria que remitió con dieta y/o enalapril en todos los casos. Ninguno presentó HTA ni IRC luego de 9 años de seguimiento. No encontramos factores predictivos de secuela por lo que recomendamos el seguimiento prolongado de todos los niños con SUH D+, aún de aquellos con formas leves (AU)


Introduction: 30-50% of patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS) develop renal sequelae. The duration of the oligoanuric period is the best predictor of sequelae, but renal damage has been reported in patients with mild forms. Objectives: To analyze the evolution of patients with D+ HUS who did not undergo dialysis and the association of clinical and laboratory parameters during the acute phase and final outcome. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 530 clinical charts of D+ HUS patients hospitalized in the Garrahan Hospital between 1987 and 2002. Exclusion criteria: need for dialysis and a less than 6-month follow-up. Ninety-one patients (48 male) were included in the study. Sequelae were defined as: arterial hypertension (AHT) and/or proteinuria and/or chronic renal failure (CRF). Results: Median age at diagnosis 1.5 years (0.3-10.75) and follow-up 9.1 years (0.9-18.5). Of all patients, 42.9% developed proteinuria 2.85 years after the diagnosis. Proteinuria disappeared in all (in 22 with a normoproteic normosodic diet and in 17 with the diet and enalapril). The patients with and without sequelae were comparable (p>0.05) as to gender, age, white blood cell count, transfusions, oligoanuric period, and peak creatinine level in the acute phase, as well as time of follow-up and birth weight. Conclusion: 42.9% of patients with mild D+ HUS presented with proteinuria that disappeared with a diet and/or enalapril in all cases. None of the patients had AHT or CRF after 9 years of follow-up. No predictive factors for sequelae were found and thus long-term follow up is recommended for all children with D+ HUS, even for those with mild forms (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies
11.
Lima; s.n; 2010. 15 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-666672

ABSTRACT

El síndrome urémico hemolítico afecta principalmente a pacientes en edad pediátrica. Se caracteriza por la triada de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Se reconocen múltiples agentes etiológicos de síndrome urémico hemolítico, aunque se considera a la infección por Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica como la principal etiología. La gran mayoría de los brotes epidémicos y casos esporádicos en humanos se han asociado con el serotipo 0157:H7...


Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease primarily of infancy and early childhood. It is characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Numerous etiologic factors have been associated with hemolytic uremia syndrome but the infection with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli is considered the most common cause. The majority of outbreaks and sporadic cases in humans have been associated with serotype 0157:H7...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Diarrhea, Infantile , Escherichia coli , Nephrology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
12.
Jordan Medical Journal. 2010; 44 (1): 36-41
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-129361

ABSTRACT

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome [HUS] is the most common cause of Acute Kidney Injury [AKI] in the developed countries. It consists of Microoangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia [MAHA], AKI and thrombocytopenia. To review the outcome of childhood Diarrhea-associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome [D+HUS] presenting to the pediatric department at Jordan University Hospital [JUH]. In this retrospective study war reviewed the medical rectors of children presenting to JUH between January 1977 and January 2008 with D+HUS. There were 21 patients [15 girls and 6 boys]. Age ranged from 6 months to 11 years. 8 children [38%] had Entamoeba histolytica infection. 57% needed peritoneal dialysis. Central nervous system manifestations included drowsiness in 8 patients [38.1%], limb weakness in 2 patients [9.5%], seizures in 9 patients [43%], irritability 3 patients [14%], transient blindness in 2 patients [9.5%], and uremic encephalopathy in 1 patient [4.8%]. Complete recovery in 11 patients [52.4%], chronic kidney disease in 6 patients [28.6%], central nervous system deficit in 2 patients, and death in 2 patients [9.5%]. There was no correlation between the outcome and the presence of leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, severity of renal failure, hyponatremia, or hypertension [p<0.05]. Our data highlights the importance of D+HUS in the pediatric age group. In addition, it emphasizes its manifestations, complications, and outcome


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Retrospective Studies , Entamoeba histolytica , Acute Kidney Injury , Pediatrics , Treatment Outcome
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(10): 1240-1246, Oct. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503890

ABSTRACT

Background: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Aim: To describe the characteñstics ofpatients with the diagnosis ofHUS in Chile, and to identify the most reliable early predictors oímorbidity and moñality. Material and methods: The clinical records ofpatients with HUS aged less than 15 years, attended between January 1990 and December 2003 in 15 hospitals, were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, hematological parameters, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: A cohort of 587 patients aged 2 to 8 years, 48 percent males, was analyzed. Ninety two percent had diarrhea. At the moment of diagnosis, anuria was observed in 39 percent of the patients, hypertension in 45 percent and seizures in 17 percent. Forty two percent required renal replacement therapy (RRT) and perítoneal dialysis was used in the majoríty of cases (78 percent). The most frequently isolated etiological agentwas Escherichia coli. Mortality rate was 2.9 percent in the acute phase of the disease and there was a positive correlation between mortality and anuria, seizures, white blood cell count (WCC) >20.000/mm³ and requirements of renal replacement therapy (p <0.05). Twelve percent of patients evolved to chronic renal failure and the risk factors during the acute phase were the need for renal replacement therapy, anuria, WCC >20.000/mm³, seizures and hypertension. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes important clinical and epidemiological aspeets ofHUSin a Chilean pediatricpopulation.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Acute Kidney Injury , Anuria/etiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Acute Kidney Injury , Anuria/epidemiology , Anuria/therapy , Child Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/mortality , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Hospitalization , Logistic Models , Prognosis , Renal Dialysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 106(5): 435-442, oct. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-501784

ABSTRACT

El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) se caracteriza por anemia hemolítica microangiopática, plaquetopeniay daño renal. Constituye la primeracausa de insuficiencia renal aguda en la edad pediátrica y la segunda de insuficiencia renal crónica.Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC,por su sigla en inglés) es el primer agente etiológico de SUH; su principal reservorio es el ganado bovinoy la vía de transmisión, los alimentos contaminados.Hasta el presente no existe un tratamiento específicopara disminuir la progresión del SUH.El estudio de los mecanismos por los cuales STEC infecta y la toxina Shiga induce SUH puede ayudar a desarrollar nuevas estrategias para impedir estaenfermedad.


Subject(s)
Child , Acute Kidney Injury , Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control , Intestines/pathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Shiga Toxin , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications
18.
J Postgrad Med ; 2007 Jul-Sep; 53(3): 183-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-115448

ABSTRACT

We aim to describe a case of central retinal vein occlusion associated with this is a case report of a 45-year-old patient who was admitted for management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). He developed left central retinal vein occlusion three months later. The retinal vein occlusion resolved gradually as his TTP started to respond to medical treatment but significant macular edema persisted. Focal argon laser treatment resulted in complete resolution of the macular edema.


Subject(s)
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Humans , Macular Edema/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/complications , Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications
19.
Rev. chil. anest ; 35(3): 165-171, dic. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567028

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia es la causa más común de sangrado en la población general, siendo también la principal causa de alteraciones de la coagulación en las pacientes obstétricas, observándose en aproximadamente el 10% de ellas. Son múltiples las causas de esta alteración, dentro de las cuales las más comunes son: trombocitopenia gestacional, trombocitopenia relacionada a preeclampsia y a enfermedades autoinmunes. La complicación anestesiológica más importante relacionada con la trombocitopenia es la producción de un hematoma peridural secundario a una anestesia neuroaxial. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer las diversas causas de trombocitopenia en pacientes embarazadas y su enfrentamiento desde el punto de vista anestesiológico.


Thrombocytopenia is the most common cause of bleeding in the general population, being also the principal cause of coagulation deficits in obstetric patients, with an incidence of 10% in this population. The most common ethiologies are: gestational thrombocytopenia, preeclampsia and autoimmune disease related thrombocytopenia. The most important anesthesiological complication in relation to thrombocytopenia is the formation of an epidural hematoma secondary to a neuraxial puncture. The objective is to review the different kinds of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy and the anesthesiological approach.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/etiology , Thrombocytopenia/etiology , Bleeding Time , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/diagnosis , Heparin/adverse effects , Platelet Count , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications , HELLP Syndrome/pathology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(1): 91-94, ene. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-426124

ABSTRACT

Massive acute hydrothorax (MAH) is a severe and unusual noninfectious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It can lead to acute respiratory failure and may diminish the effectiveness of the dialytic therapy. Many therapeutic strategies for this complication are employed, ranging from conservative methods like reduction of the volume of the dialysate and the transitory interruption of the PD, to more aggressive therapies as the closure of diaphragmatic defects by videothoracoscopy with or without pleurodesis. Herein, we report a two years old girl that developed acute renal failure due to an hemolytic uremic syndrome. She underwent PD and developed MAH. PD was temporarily ceased and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was started. After 8 days, PD was resumed uneventfully. The temporary interruption of the PD was an effective measure to avoid the recurrence of the MAH.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Hydrothorax/etiology , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Acute Kidney Injury
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